Introduction to Statistics

Statistics

History of Statistics

 The word "Statistics" seems to have been take from the Latin word "Status" or the Italian word "Statista". Both words have same meaning "a political stat". The word Statistics was first time used in 1749.

Introduction:

Definitions:

Statistics is a branch of mathematics which is used to summarise, analyze nad interpret a group of numbers or observations (Data).

Statistics is a way to get information from data.

Data: Facts, especially numerical facts, collected together for reference or information
Information: : Knowledge communicated concerning some particular fact.

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Basic Statistics Concepts

Basic Statistics Concepts

What is Data?

Data is a collection of facts, such as numbers, words, measurements, observations or even just descriptions of things.

Examples:

• Ali has 24 buses.
• There are 45 students in the class.
• There are 200 rooms in this hotel.

Population vs Sample:

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Forecasting

Forecasting

What is Forecasting?.

Forecasting is a tool used for predicting future demand based on past demand information. 
Forecasting is a process of predicting a future event based on historical data.

Example: Predict a number in the following patterns:

(a) 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11
Ans: The next number is 13, because according to the pattern all the numbers are the odd numbers.

(b) 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14
Ans: The next number is 16, because according to the pattern all the numbers are the even numbers.

(c) 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29
Ans: The next number is 31, because according to the pattern all the numbers are the prime numbers.

(d) 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32
Ans: The next number is 64, because according to the pattern each number is the double of previous  numbers.

(e) 1, 3, 7, 15, 31, 63
Ans: The next number is 127, because according to the pattern each number is the double of previous  number and 1 is added to the ans i.e. 63+63=126, 126+1=127.

As we knew that by following the pattern we easily found out the next number, so the process is known as forecasting.

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